I'm going crazy trying to figure this out, I am thinking it is a uniform of some kind, so maybe that will help.
No labels inside at all? These cheongsam styled dresses are often very hard to date as the style does not change much except for the length and fabric used.
These are not Chinese characters but rather a Western imitation of the Chinese characters. I read both Simplified and Traditional Chinese and can tell these are similar to 'fly' (飛), 'happiness' (吉) and 'east' (東) but only similar. I'd say that's 1950s chinoiserie pattern with no identifiable meaning. Nevertheless the cheongsam looks lovely!
